Dr. Chithra S, Shree Polyclinic & Lab, Bangalore📞 Contact: 9052161616 / 8550001600
Understanding Trigeminal Neuralgia
Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, responsible for carrying sensation from your face to your brain. It is a rare but severe facial pain disorder, affecting approximately 5 in every 100,000 people annually. Studies have shown that TN is more common in women and typically appears in individuals over the age of 40.
The hallmark of this condition is intense, electric shock-like pain that occurs suddenly, usually on one side of the face. These painful episodes may last from a few seconds to a couple of minutes and can be triggered by simple everyday actions such as:
- Touching the face
- Brushing teeth
- Talking or chewing
- Shaving or applying makeup
While trigeminal neuralgia can develop without an identifiable cause, it can also be secondary to other neurological or vascular conditions that compress the trigeminal nerve.
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Diagnosing Trigeminal Neuralgia
Diagnosing TN requires careful evaluation, as facial pain disorders often mimic one another, leading to frequent misdiagnosis. According to the International Headache Society (IHS) diagnostic criteria, trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by:
- Sudden, severe, electric or stabbing pain on one side of the face.
- Short-lived episodes, typically lasting less than 2 minutes.
- Pain restricted to the areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve.
- Specific triggers such as facial touch, talking, or exposure to wind.
Your doctor may recommend tests such as MRI scans to rule out other conditions like multiple sclerosis or tumors that might compress the nerve.
Reference:
- International Headache Society – Diagnostic Criteria for TN
- Mayo Clinic – Trigeminal Neuralgia Diagnosis
Treatment Options for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Management of TN often requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving:
- Pain management specialists
- Neurologists
- Oral physicians
- Psychologists
- Physiotherapists
- Clinical nurse specialists
The European Academy of Neurology (EAN) and other professional bodies first published TN management guidelines in 2008, later updated in 2019, emphasizing individualized, evidence-based treatment.
Treatment Modalities Include:
- Medications:
- Anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine are typically the first line of therapy.
- Baclofen and gabapentin may also be prescribed in resistant cases.
- Surgical Options:
For patients not responding to medications, procedures such as microvascular decompression, radiofrequency ablation, or gamma knife radiosurgery may be considered. - Lifestyle and Supportive Care:
- Stress management
- Gentle facial exercises
- Counseling and support groups
While there is no single cure, proper diagnosis and early treatment can dramatically improve quality of life.
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When to Seek Medical Help
If you are experiencing sharp, shooting facial pain that comes and goes or worsens over time, it’s important to consult a doctor promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent worsening symptoms and improve daily comfort.
Conclusion
Trigeminal Neuralgia may be rare, but its impact on a person’s life can be profound. At Shree Polyclinic & Lab, we provide comprehensive diagnostic and treatment support for facial pain and nerve-related disorders. Our multidisciplinary team ensures you receive the right care, tailored to your needs.
📍 Visit us: Shree Polyclinic & Lab, Bangalore
📞 Contact: 9052161616 / 8550001600